03/11/2011

Rabies

Directorate Communnication

Rabies

a killer disease

Jenny Turton

The spread of the disease

Symptoms of rabies

Prevention

Treatment

Rabies

What is rabies?

Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease which people can get from animals) D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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It is caused by a virus which affects the brain and causes death The virus is shed in saliva and is spread by the bite of an infected animal

Rabies is a very dangerous disease. Vaccinate your animals and protect yourself!

Animals which can infect people

Usually dogs

Other animals which can infect people are cats, mongooses, jackals and other wild animals Rabies is spread to other animals and people mainly by dogs, black-backed jackals, yellow mongooses and bat-eared foxes

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Signs of the disease in animals

Changes in behaviour occur in all animals.

Domestic animals can become wild and aggressive

(they appear to be mad), while wild animals may

become tame

Paralysis eventually occurs, resulting in death

Distribution of rabies, showing

which animals are important for

the spread of rabies in each

region

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Cats: become

Cows:bellowing,

Horses:

very aggressive

salivation, choking,

aimless

Dogs: aggression, howling,

and attack

aggression, wind-

staggering,

attacking without warning,

without any

sucking, inability to

inability to

salivation, biting at imaginary flies, prior warning

swallow, weakness,

swallow,

fixed stare, wandering aimlessly,

signs

knuckling over of feet, difficulty in

dropped lower jaw, inabililty to

difficulty in walking,

walking,

swallow, eating soil and sticks,

paralysis

weakness,

choking, vomiting, difficulty in

paralysis,

walking, paralysis

aggression,

biting

Donkeys: biting, aggression

Goats and

Wild animals: appear Pigs:

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sheep: bleating, tame, enter homes and aggression, bite hind-leg

gardens, night animals savagely

weakness,

seen during the day,

difficulty in

attack people and

walking,

objects without any

aggression,

prior warning signs,

excessive sexual paralysis

activity, paddling

How are people infected?

People are infected when they get bitten by an infected animal because the virus is spread in the saliva

It is possible for people to be infected by saliva through contamination of cuts, the mouth or eyes

Animals with rabies may appear to have something stuck in the throat as they salivate excessively. You should take care not to place your hands inside the mouth, because you can contract the disease if you get bitten or cuts on your hands are exposed to saliva

Infected carcasses of cattle, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys may be a health threat if these are cut open, because it is possible for people to be infected through cuts or by splashes of brain or saliva into the eyes or mouth when cutting open the skull and handling the brain of an infected D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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animal

Signs of the disease in people

In people, the first signs of disease are headaches, anxiety, fever, vomiting and fear of water. Finally, paralysis, coma and death results

It normally takes 2 to 10 weeks for people and animals to show signs of the disease after being bitten by an infected animal

Once people or animals actually show signs of rabies no treatment is possible and they will die

Prevention

It is very important that dogs and cats are vaccinated to reduce the risk to people and animals

Young animals should be vaccinated twice in the first year and then every 3 years, or as often as required by your state veterinary authorities. The vaccine is safe and will not make your animals sick Notify your state veterinarian immediately if you see animals acting strangely and rabies is suspected

Do not handle, or go near, strange animals, wild animals that seem tame and do not run away from you, sick animals that are not properly restrained or animals that appear aggressive

Treatment

If you get treated in time (as soon as possible after the bite) you will not D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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03/11/2011 you get treated in time (as soon as possible

Rabies after the bite) you will not

die from rabies

If bitten, you should quickly wash the wounds well, using soap or a disinfectant if possible. Then seek medical attention immediately from the nearest clinic or doctor

The doctor or nurse will start a course of injections, which can prevent rabies developing. It is very important that you continue going to the clinic until the course is completed, because you can die if you do not get all the injections

The recommended vaccination programme at present is to give the first injection on the day you are bitten, and the others 3, 7, 14 and 28 days later

A rabies antiserum injection will also be given on the day you are bitten You should notify the state veterinarian or police when you are bitten by a dog or other animal. They will then investigate and if necessary destroy the animal making sure it is tested for rabies

For further information contact your animal health technician, state veterinarian, doctor or nurse

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Rabies

or

Animal Health for Developing Farmers,

ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute,

Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110

�

Map by G Bishop

Diagrams on pp. 5-8 by C D Seegers

2000

Compiled by Directorate Communication, National Department of Agriculture in cooperation with ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

Printed and published by National Department of Agriculture and obtainable from Resource Centre, Directorate Communication, Private Bag X144, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Directorate Communnication

Rabies

bolwetse bo bo bolayang

Jenny Turton

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Kanamo ya bolwetse

Ditshupo tsa Rabies

Thibelo

Kalafo

Rabies

Rabies ke eng?

Rabies ke bolwetse bo batho ba ka bo fitlhelang mo diphologolong Bo tlholwa ke twatsi e e amang boboko e bile e bolaya

Twatsi e e fitlhelwa mo matheng mme e anama fa nt�wa e e tshwaetsegileng e ka go loma

Bolwetse ba Rabies ke bolwetse bo bo kotsi thata. Tlhabela diphologolo tsa gago mme le wena o itshereletse.

Diphologolo tse di ka tshwaetsang batho

Gantsi ke dintšwa

Dikatse, ramošwe, bophokojwe le diphologolo tse dingwe tsa naga Bolwetse ba Rabies bo phatlhaladiwa go ya kwa diphologolong tse dingwe le kwa D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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bathong ke dintšwa, bophokojwe ba ba mokokotlo o montsho, ramošwe o mo serolane le phiri ya ditsejwana tsa morubisi, e e tsamayang bosigo.

Ditshupo tsa bolwetse mo

diphologolong

Go fetoga ga maitshwaro mo diphologolong

tsotlhe. Diphologolo tsa selegae di fetoga go

nna tse di tlhaga(di bonagala e kete di a

tsenwa), fa diphologolo tsa naga di fetoga di

nna bonolo.

Go palelwa ke go tsamaya , kwa bofelong di

swe

Kanamo ya bolwetse ba Rabies, e

bontsha gore ke diphologolo dife tse

botlhokwa tse di phatlhalatsang

bolwetse ba Rabies mo dikarolong tse

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Dintšwa:

Dikatse: Di ya

Dikgomo: Di a

Dipitsi: Go

Di ya shakgala, bogola, tlhasela

shakgala, di

bokolela, di tswa mathe thekesela, go

nako nngwe le nngwe, di tswa

tlhasela nako

go feta selekano, di a

palelwa ke go

mathe go feta selekano, di loma ngwe le ngwe

betwa, di a shakgala, di metsa, go

lefela, di tomola matlho, di a

goga mowa ka molomo, tsamaya ka

ebela, di repisa motlhagare wa

di palelwa ke go metsa, bothata,

tlase, ga di kgone go metsa, di

bokoa, di tsamaya e

bokoa, go

ja mmu le dithupana, di a

kete di tla wa , di

palelwa ke go

kgamiwa, di a tlhatsa, di

tsamaya ka bothata, di

tsamaya, go

tsamaya ka bothata, di palelwa

palelwa ke go tsamaya

shakgala, di a

ke go tsamaya gotlhelele

loma

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Ditonki: Di a loma, di a shakgala

Dipodi le

Diphologolo tsa naga: Dikolobe: Di

dinku: Di a

Di fetoga go nna bonolo, a shakgala, di

bokolela, maoto di tsena mo magaeng le a loma

a kwa morago a mo ditshingwaneng,

bokoa, di

diphologolo tse di

tsamaya ka

tsamayang bosigo di

bothata, di a

tsamaya motshegare, di

shakgala,

tlhasela nako nngwe le

keletso ya

nngwe, di palelwa ke go

thobalano ya

tsamaya

oketsega, di a

ragaraga

Batho ba amega jang?

Batho ba amega fa ba ka lomiwa ke phologolo e e

tshwaeditsweng ka twatsi ya bolwetse bo, e e fitlhelwang e bile e phatlhalatswa ke mathe

Batho ba kgona go amega fa mathe a phologolo a kgoma ntho e e bulegileng, molomo kgotsa matlho a motho

Diphologolo tse di nang le bolwetse ba Rabies di bonagala e kete di kgamilwe ke sengwe ka di tswa mathe a mantsi thata. O seke wa tsenya letsogo la gago mo molomong wa ntšwa ka gonne o ka D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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tshwaetswa fa o lomiwa kgotsa fa dintho tsa gago di kopana le mathe a ntswa eo

Ditoto tsa dikgomo, dinku, dipodi, dipitsi le ditonki, tse di tshwaeditsweng di ka nna kotsi mo boitekanelong ba batho fa di buiwa ka gonne batho ba tshwaetsega fa ba kgotlhelwa ke mathe kgotsa boboko ka mo matlhong, molomong le mo dinthong fa ba bula tlhogo mme ba tshwaratshwara boboko ba phologolo

Ditshupo tsa bolwetse mo bathong

Mo bathong, ditshupo tsa ntlha ke go opiwa ke tlhogo, go lapa, go fisa mo mmeleng, go tlhatsa le go boifa metsi.Kwa bofelong ba palelwa ke go tsamaya, go idibala sebaka se se leele le leso

Go tsaya dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le lesome gore ditshupo di ka bonagala mo bathong le mo diphologolong fa di lomilwe ke diphologolo tse di nang le bolwetse bo

Fa batho ba simolotse go tlhagisa ditshupo tse, ga go sa na kalafi mme ba tlile go swa

Thibelo

Go botlhokwa gore dintswa le dikatse di tlhabelwe bolwetse bo go fokotsa kotsi ya bone

Diphologolo tse dinnye di tshwanetse go tlhabiwa gabedi mo

ngwageng wa ntlha, morago di tlhabiwe gangwe mo dingwageng

dile tharo kgotsa go ya ka taelo ya ngaka ya diphologolo ya puso.

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Molemo o wa go tlhabela, o siame mme o ka se dire gore seruiwa sa gago se lwale

Itsise ngaka ya puso ya diphologolo fa o bona seruiwa sa gago se fetola maitshwaro a sone mme o belaela gore ke bolwetse ba

rabies

O seke wa tshwara kgotsa wa atamela phologolo eo o sa e itseng, e e tlhaga e bonagala e le bonolo mme e sa tshabe, e e lwalang ,le tse di sa bofelelwang mme di bontsha tshakgalo

Kalafo

Fa o ka alafiwa ka bonako morago ga go lomiwa , o ka se ke wa tlhokofala

Fa o sena go lomiwa o tshwanetse go tlhapa ka bonako o dirise sesepa kgotsa polaya-ditwatsi. Morago batla thuso mo bookelong kgotsa mo ngakeng e e mo gaufi

Ngaka kgotsa mooki ba tla simolola go go naya mamao a mantsinyana, ao a ka thibelang bolwetse ba rabies go ka mela mo mmeleng wa gago.

Go botlhokwa go ya kwa bookelong go fitlhela mamao ao ba

tshwanetseng go go naya one a felela, e seng jalo o tla raga thokolo Lenaneo la go tlhabelwa fa o sena o lomiwa ke le: letsatsi leo o lomilweng ka lone , go latele la boraro(3), la 7, la 14, go fitlha la bo 28.

O bala go tloga ka letsatsi leo o lomilweng. Molemo oo o nang le masole a go lwantsha Rabies ,le one o tla o newa mo letsatsing leo o lomilweng D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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ka lone

O tshwanetse go itsise ngaka ya puso ya diphologolo kgotsa

maphodisa fa o ka lomiwa ke ntswa kgotsa phologolo nngwe. Ba tla batlisisa mme fa go tshwanetse ba tla bolaya phologolo eo gore ba tle ba netefatse fa e ne e tshwere ke bolwetse ba rabies Fa o batla go itse mo go fetelets1eng ka bolwetse bo,

bua le motlhankedi wa setegeniki wa diphologolo,

ngaka ya puso ya diphologolo kgotsa mooki

Kgotsa

Animal Health for Developing Farmers

ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110

Tel (012)529 9158

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Map by G Bishop

Diagrams on pp. 5-8 by C D Seegers

2000

Compiled by Directorate Communication, National Department of Agriculture in cooperation with ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

Printed and published by National Department of Agriculture and obtainable from Resource Centre, Directorate Communication, Private Bag X144, Pretoria 0001, South Africa D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm

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